Froebel, Montessori & Steiner Schools
Although independently-run, there are a few alternative schooling methods, which some parents choose, and state schools can be inspired by.
Four outdoor classrooms, read our posts on pet-friendly gardens and wildlife-friendly gardens.
Froebel Schools
Friedrich Froebel started the first kindergarten in Germany in the 19th century. His main belief was that children learn best through play. In Froebel schools, children are encouraged to explore through activities that use simple materials. Wooden blocks, shapes, and natural items feature in every classroom.
Froebel’s approach values freedom within structure. Children decide how to use the toys, but teachers guide activities to spark curiosity. Froebel teachers see play as a serious way for kids to learn skills, science, and art. Music, movement, and storytelling are part of the daily routine.
Children in Froebel schools get lots of time outdoors. Nature is seen as a teacher. The goal is to help children build confidence, social skills, and an early love for learning.
Montessori Schools
Dr Maria Montessori developed her method after studying children with special needs in Italy. Her schools work from the idea that children are naturally eager to learn. Classrooms have special materials designed for hands-on activities, like counting beads and sandpaper letters.
In Montessori schools, children choose their own tasks from a set range. This means they can work at their own pace. Teachers, called “guides”, step in when needed but let the child lead. Mixed-age classes help older pupils show younger ones what to do, building cooperation.
Order and independence are key. Everything in the room is at child height. Lessons aim to develop thinking skills, care for others, and practical life abilities, such as tying shoelaces or pouring water. Many parents pick Montessori, because it suits children who like to work alone or focus deeply on something.
Steiner (Waldorf) Schools
Rudolf Steiner opened the first Steiner school in Germany after the First World War. These schools are known as Waldorf in some places. Steiner thought children go through three clear stages from birth to adulthood, and each stage needs its own teaching style.
In the early years, Steiner schools focus on play, art, music, and practical tasks like baking or gardening. Stories, puppets, and songs fill the classroom, with little formal teaching or testing before age seven. Steiner teachers try to build a sense of routine and wonder.
As children get older, lessons include drawing, painting, handwork, and movement. They encourage imagination and clear thinking, with teachers usually staying with the same class for years. There’s a strong sense of community, and digital screens are kept away from young children.
